Package {geotech}

geotech: Geotechnical Engineering

Description

geotech is a compilation of functions for performing calculations and creating plots that commonly arise in geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics. The types of calculations that are currently included are: (1) phase diagrams and index parameters, (2) grain-size distributions, (3) plasticity, (4) soil classification, (5) compaction, (6) groundwater, (7) subsurface stresses (geostatic and induced), (8) Mohr circle analyses, (9) consolidation settlement and rate, (10) shear strength, (11) bearing capacity, (12) lateral earth pressures, (13) slope stability, and (14) subsurface explorations. Geotechnical engineering students, educators, researchers, and practitioners will find this package useful.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Irucka Embry iembry@ecoccs.com

Authors:

• James Kaklamanos

• Kyle Elmy

A-Line (Plasticity)

Description

Calculates the A-line on Casagrande's plasticity chart. 1 December 2015

Usage

A.line(LL)

Arguments

Value

The plasticity index corresponding to the A-line on Casagrande's plasticity chart

Note

Either PL or PI must be specified

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

AASHTO Soil Classification (AASHTO Group Classification)

Description

Classifies soil using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Soil Classification System. Inorganic soil classification using the AASHTO method. 1 December 2015

Usage

AASHTO(
  sieve = NA,
  size = NA,
  percent = NA,
  metric = NA,
  p10 = NA,
  p40 = NA,
  p200 = NA,
  LL = NA,
  PL = NA,
  PI = NA,
  NP = NA
)

Arguments

Value

AASHTO group classification

Note

For the grain-size data, one of three following pieces of data must be specified: 1. Sieve numbers (sieve); and percent passing 2. Grain sizes (size); and percent passing 3. p10, p40, p200 If sieve data are specified, for sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) If sieve or size data are specified, this function assumes that the no. 10, 40, and 200 sieves have been used. For the plasticity data, one of three following pieces of data must be specified: 1. LL and PL 2. LL and PI 3. NP (if the soil is nonplastic) To obtain the group index using the AASHTO method, use the GI function.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

AASHTO(p10 = 51, p40 = 30, p200 = 15, LL = 40, PI = 10)

D-Size (Grain-Size Distributions)

Description

Calculates the diameter size. 1 December 2015

Usage

Dsize(N, sieve = NA, size = NA, percent, metric)

Arguments

Value

The grain size corresponding to a certain percent finer (N), given a grain-size distribution

Note

For sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) Either sieve numbers OR grain sizes must be provided. The "metric" variable is only required if sieve numbers are provided. The function uses logarithmic interpolation to calculate the D-size from the provided grain-size distribution Log-linear extrapolation is used for grain sizes beyond the range of the data, and a warning is provided

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sieve.example <- c(3/8, 4, 10, 20, 40, 140, 200)
percent.example <- c(95.72, 90.23, 81.49, 66.36, 50.00, 8.51, 4.82) 
Dsize(N = 50, sieve = sieve.example, percent = percent.example, metric = TRUE)

Slope Stability (Infinite Slope Analysis)

Description

Determines the slope stability using the infinite slope analysis. 1 January 2016

Usage

FSinf(c, phi, gamma, gammaW = NA, alpha, D, zw, metric)

Arguments

Value

Factor of safety against shear failure on slopes using infinite slope analyses

Note

Assumptions of infinite slope analyses include (Coduto et al., 2011): 1. The slope face is planar and of infinite extent. 2. The failure surface is parallel to the slope face. 3. Vertical columns of equal dimensions through the slope are identical.

Author(s)

Jim Kaklamanos and Kyle Elmy

Slope Stability (Planar Failure Analysis)

Description

Determines the slope stability using the planar failure analysis. 1 January 2016

Usage

FSplanar(c, phi, alpha, L, W, u)

Arguments

Value

Factor of safety against shear failure on slopes with a planar failure surface

Note

Either English or metric units can be used, but they must be consistent.

Author(s)

Jim Kaklamanos and Kyle Elmy

AASHTO Group Index

Description

Calculate a soil's group index using the AASHTO method. 1 December 2015

Usage

GI(p200, LL, PL = NA, PI = NA)

Arguments

Value

AASHTO group index (rounded to the nearest integer)

Note

Either PL or PI must be specified

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

GI(p200 = 48, LL = 45, PI = 21)

Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure (General)

Description

Calculates the general coefficient of lateral earth pressure. 1 October 2015

Usage

K(sigmax, sigmaz)

Arguments

Value

Coefficient of lateral earth pressure

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

K(sigmax = 50, sigmaz =90)

Rankine Active Earth Pressures (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Description

Calculates the active coefficient of lateral earth pressure. 1 October 2015

Usage

Ka(phi, beta = 0)

Arguments

Value

Coefficient of lateral earth pressure (active)

Note

The Rankine theory requires that beta <= phi

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

Ka(phi = 30, beta = 10)

Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest

Description

Calculates the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest. 1 October 2015

Usage

Ko(phi, OCR = 1)

Arguments

Value

Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest

Note

For normally consolidated soil, the Jaky equation is used; for overconsolidated soil, the Mayne and Kulhawy equation is used.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Rankine Passive Earth Pressures (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Description

Calculates the passive coefficient of lateral earth pressure. 1 October 2015

Usage

Kp(phi, beta = 0)

Arguments

Value

Coefficient of lateral earth pressure (passive)

Note

The Rankine theory requires that beta <= phi

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

Kp(phi = 30, beta = 10)

Liquidity Index (Plasticity)

Description

Calculates liquidity index from liquid limit, plastic limit, and in-situ moisture content. 1 December 2015

Usage

LI(w, LL, PL)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list composed of: LI = Liquidity index (percent) and descr = qualitative description of soil in its natural moisture state

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

LI(w = 55, PL = 20, LL = 50)

Liquid Limit (Plasticity)

Description

Calculate and plot a soil's liquid limit (LL) using the flow curve. 1 December 2015

Usage

LL(N, w, draw)

Arguments

Value

Liquid limit (percent) and plot of soil's flow curve (optional)

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

LL(N = c(72, 37, 14), w = c(7, 15, 21), draw = TRUE)
# liquid limit analysis

Mohr Circle (Calculate)

Description

Calculates the Mohr circle. 1 October 2015

Usage

MohrCircle.calc(
  sigmaX = NA,
  sigmaZ = NA,
  tauXZ = NA,
  sigma1 = NA,
  sigma3 = NA,
  theta = seq(from = 0, to = 180, by = 1)
)

Arguments

Value

A five-element list containing: C = center of Mohr circle, R = radius of Mohr circle, sigma = vector of normal stresses for Mohr circle, tau = vector of shear stresses for Mohr circle, and theta = vector of angles (deg)

Note

One of the following two sets of data must be entered: 1. sigmaX, sigmaZ, tauXZ 2. sigma1, sigma3 If theta is entered in conjunction with sigmaX, sigmaZ, and tauXZ, it is interpreted as the angle of inclination above the horizontal. If theta is entered in conjunction with the principal stresses, then it is interpreted as the angle of inclination above the major principal plane.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

MohrCircle.calc(sigmaX = 80, sigmaZ = 120, tauXZ = 20)

Mohr Circle (Plot)

Description

Plots the Mohr circle. 1 October 2015

Usage

MohrCircle.plot(
  sigmaX = NA,
  sigmaZ = NA,
  tauXZ = NA,
  sigma1 = NA,
  sigma3 = NA,
  metric = TRUE
)

Arguments

Value

Plot of Mohr Circle

Note

One of the following two sets of data must be entered: 1. sigmaX, sigmaZ, tauXZ 2. sigma1, sigma3

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

MohrCircle.plot(sigmaX = 80, sigmaZ = 120, tauXZ = 20, metric = FALSE)

SPT Correction N160 for Site Exploration

Description

Provides the SPT correction: N1,60. 1 January 2016

Usage

N160(N60, sigma, metric)

Arguments

Value

SPT blow count (N-value) corrected for field procedures and overburden pressure

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

# In English units
N160(N60 = 8, sigma = 1500, metric = FALSE)

# In SI units
N160(N60 = 8, sigma = 90, metric = TRUE) 
 
 
 

SPT Correction N60 for Site Exploration

Description

Provides the SPT correction: N60. 1 January 2016

Usage

N60(N, Lr, Db, SS = TRUE, E = 0.6, metric)

Arguments

Value

SPT blow count (N-value) corrected for field procedures

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

N60(N = 11, Lr = 25, Db = 4, E = 0.50, SS = TRUE, metric = FALSE)

Bearing Capacity Factors (Nc)

Description

Calculates the bearing capacity factor Nc. 1 October 2015

Usage

Nc(phi, case = "general", method = "Terzaghi")

Arguments

Value

Bearing capacity factor (Nc) using either the Terzaghi or Vesic methods

Note

For local shear, the friction angle is reduced to a value equal to atan(2/3 * tan(phi)).

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Bearing Capacity Factors (Ngamma)

Description

Calculates the bearing capacity factor Ngamma. 1 October 2015

Usage

Ngamma(phi, case = "general", method = "Terzaghi")

Arguments

Value

Bearing capacity factor (Ngamma) using either the Terzaghi or Vesic methods

Note

For local shear, the friction angle is reduced to a value equal to atan(2/3 * tan(phi)).

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Bearing Capacity Factors (Nq)

Description

Calculates the bearing capacity factor Nq. 1 October 2015

Usage

Nq(phi, case = "general", method = "Terzaghi")

Arguments

Value

Bearing capacity factor (Nq) using either the Terzaghi or Vesic methods

Note

For local shear, the friction angle is reduced to a value equal to atan(2/3 * tan(phi)).

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Plasticity Index

Description

Calculates plasticity index from liquid limit and plastic limit. 1 December 2015

Usage

PI(LL, PL)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list composed of: PI = Plasticity index (percent) and descr = qualitative description of soil

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

PI(LL=80, PL=30)

USCS Soil Classification

Description

This is a master function that calculates a soil's classification according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The functions A.line, USCS.coarse.symbol, and USCS.fine.symbol are called by this function. 1 December 2015

Usage

USCS(
  pg = NA,
  ps = NA,
  pf = NA,
  Cc = NA,
  Cu = NA,
  LL = NA,
  PL = NA,
  PI = NA,
  sieve = NA,
  size = NA,
  percent = NA,
  metric = NA
)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list providing a soil's USCS group symbol and name symbol = USCS group symbol and name = USCS group name

Note

Data on the soil's grain-size distribution are required if the percent fines is less than or equal to 12 function: 1. Sieve numbers (sieve); and percent passing 2. Grain sizes (size); and percent passing 3. Percent components (pg, ps, pf) and coefficients of uniformity and curvature (Cc and Cu) Data on the soil's fines [either (a) LL and PL or (b) LL and PI] are required if the percent fines is greater than or equal to 5 If percent components are specified, then Cu and Cc are needed if pf < 85

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

USCS(pg = 15, ps = 34, pf = 51, Cc = 1, Cu = 4, LL = 40, PL = 10)

USCS Soil Classification (USCS Coarse-Grained Symbol)

Description

Classifies soil using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) using the coarse-grained symbol. 1 December 2015

Usage

USCS.coarse.symbol(pg, ps, pf, Cc, Cu, PI = NA, LL, PL)

Arguments

Value

A soil's USCS coarse-grained symbol

Note

Data on the soil's gradation (Cu and Cc) are required if the percent fines is less than or equal to 12 or (b) LL and PI] are required if the percent fines is greater than or equal to 5

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

USCS Soil Classification (USCS Fine-Grained Symbol)

Description

Classifies soil using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) using the fine-grained symbol. 1 December 2015

Usage

USCS.fine.symbol(LL, PL = NA, PI = NA)

Arguments

Value

A soil's fine-grained USCS symbol

Note

Either PL or PI must be provided.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Terzaghi)

Description

Calculates the ultimate bearing capacity from Terzaghi's simple theory. 1 October 2015

Usage

bearingCapacity(
  phi,
  c,
  B,
  L,
  D,
  Dw,
  gamma,
  gammaW = NA,
  metric,
  case = "general",
  shape = "square"
)

Arguments

Value

Bearing capacity (q_ult) from Terzaghi's simple theory (psf or kPa)

Note

Either SI or English units can be used, but must stay consistent. When specifying the length and width of rectangular foundations, L should be the longer of the two lengths. When the groundwater table is deep or unknown, set Dw >= D + B

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Gross Bearing Pressure (Bearing Capacity)

Description

Calculates the footing gross bearing pressure. 1 October 2015

Usage

bearingPressure(P, B, L, D, Dw, metric, gammaW = NA, gammaC = NA)

Arguments

Value

Gross bearing pressure of footing (psf or kPa)

Note

Either SI or English units can be used, but must stay consistent. When specifying the length and width, L should be the longer of the two lengths. For a continuous (strip) foundation, specify L = 1 and specify P as the load per unit length When the groundwater table is deep or unknown, set Dw >= D.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

bearingPressure(P = 1000, B = 2, L = 5, D = 6, Dw = 2, metric = FALSE)

Coefficients of Uniformity and Curvature (Grain-Size Distributions)

Description

Calculates the coefficients of uniformity and curvature. 1 December 2015

Usage

grainSize.coefs(percent, sieve = NA, size = NA, D10 = NA, D30 = NA, D60 = NA)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list containing: Cu = Coefficient of uniformity (D60 / D10) and Cc = Coefficient of curvature (D30^2 / (D10 * D60))

Note

For sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) The user has three options for input to this function: 1. Sieve numbers (sieve); and percent passing 2. Grain sizes (size); and percent passing 3. D10, D30, and D60; and percent passing

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

# Example 1

sieve.example <- c(3/8, 4, 10, 20, 40, 140, 200)
percent.example <- c(95.72, 90.23, 81.49, 66.36, 50.00, 8.51, 4.82) 
grainSize.coefs(sieve = sieve.example, percent = percent.example)


# Example 2

grainSize.coefs(D60 = 0.10, D30 = 0.03, D10 = 0.002)

Grain-Size Plot

Description

Produces the grain-size plot. 1 December 2015

Usage

grainSize.plot(sieve = NA, size = NA, percent, metric)

Arguments

Value

Plot of soil's grain-size distribution

Note

For sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) Either sieve numbers OR grain sizes must be provided.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sieve.example <- c(3/8, 4, 10, 20, 40, 140, 200)
percent.example <- c(95.72, 90.23, 81.49, 66.36, 50.00, 8.51, 4.82) 
grainSize.plot(sieve = sieve.example, percent = percent.example, metric =
TRUE)

Induced Stress Due to Area Load

Description

Computes the induced stress due to area load. 1 October 2015

Usage

induced.area(z, q, B, L = NA, shape)

Arguments

Value

Induced vertical stress at the center of the loaded area

Note

Uses the approximate method.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

induced.area(z = 10, q = 1000, B = 3, shape = "square")

Induced Stress Due to Area Load: Profile

Description

Computes the vertical stress at a point. 1 October 2015

Usage

induced.area.profile(z = NA, q, B, L = NA, shape)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list: depth = vector of depths and sigmaZ = vector of induced vertical stresses below center of the loaded area

Note

Uses the approximate method.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

induced.area.profile(q = 1000, B = 3, shape = "square")

Induced Stress Due to Point Load

Description

Computes the induced stress due to point load. 1 October 2015

Usage

induced.point(P, x, y, z, nu)

Arguments

Value

A six-element list containing the induced stresses due to a point load following the Boussinesq method: sigmaX = induced horizontal stress in the x direction, sigmaY = induced horizontal stress in the y direction, sigmaZ = induced vertical stress, tauZX = induced shear stress on the ZX plane, tauYX = induced shear stress on the YX plane, tauYZ = induced shear stress on the YZ plane

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

induced.point(P = 100000, x = 5, y = 2, z = 6, nu = 0.35)

Induced Stress Due to Point Load: Profile

Description

Computes the induced stress due to point load: profile. 1 October 2015

Usage

induced.point.profile(P, x, y, z = NA, nu)

Arguments

Value

A seven-element list containing seven vectors displaying the depth variation of induced stresses due to a point load following the Boussinesq method: depth = vector of depths, sigmaX = induced horizontal stress in the x direction, sigmaY = induced horizontal stress in the y direction, sigmaZ = induced vertical stress, tauZX = induced shear stress on the ZX plane, tauYX = induced shear stress on the YX plane, tauYZ = induced shear stress on the YZ plane

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

induced.point.profile(P = 100000, x = 5, y = 2, nu = 0.35)

Hydraulic Conductivity From Constant Head Test (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the hydraulic conductivity from the constant head test. 1 January 2016

Usage

kConstant(V, t, h, L, As = NA, Ds = NA)

Arguments

Value

Hydraulic conductivity from the constant head test

Note

Either English or metric units can be used, but they must be consistent. Either the area or the diameter of the soil sample need to be specified

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

kConstant(V = 800, t = 100, h = 200, As = 40, L = 50)
# k in units of cm/s

Hydraulic Conductivity From Falling Head Test (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the hydraulic conductivity from the falling head test. 1 January 2016

Usage

kFalling(h0, hf, t, L, As = NA, Ap = NA, Ds = NA, Dp = NA)

Arguments

Value

Hydraulic conductivity from the falling head test

Note

Either English or metric units can be used, but they must be consistent. Either the areas (As and Ap) OR the diameters (Ds and Dp) need to be specified.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

kFalling(h0 = 12, hf = 2, L = 10, Ds = 20, Dp = 2, t = 100)
# k in units of cm/s

Hydraulic Conductivity From Pumping Tests (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the hydraulic conductivity from pumping tests. 1 January 2016

Usage

kPump(Q, H = NA, h1, h2, r1, r2)

Arguments

Value

k = hydraulic conductivity of aquifer

Note

Datum for h0 and hf is the bottom of the aquifer. For unconfined aquifers, H > h1 (or specify as NA) For confined aquifers, H >= h2. For mixed aquifers (which start as confined prior to pumping and finish as unconfined after pumping is complete), H < h2.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

kPump(Q = 14.5, H = 10, h1 = 20, h2 = 16, r1 = 16, r2 = 8)

Equivalent Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the equivalent horizontal hydraulic conductivity. 1 January 2016

Usage

kx(thk, k)

Arguments

Value

Equivalent horizontal hydraulic conductivity (kx) for layered soil deposits

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Equivalent Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the equivalent vertical hydraulic conductivity. 1 January 2016

Usage

kz(thk, k)

Arguments

Value

Equivalent vertical hydraulic conductivity (kz) for layered soil deposits

logAxis Background Wrapper Function for Performing Calculations

Description

Performing background calculations for the log-based plots. 1 December 2015

Usage

logAxis(x = NA, y = NA, gridX = FALSE, gridY = FALSE)

Arguments

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

logAxis Plot Background Function

Description

Plotting one axis at a time for the log-based plots. 1 December 2015

Usage

logAxis.plot(data, type, gridlines)

Arguments

Note

Contains functions that are used to create the logarithmic and semilogarithmic plots that are used by other functions in the package.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Percent Components (Grain-Size Distributions)

Description

Calculates the percent components. 1 December 2015

Usage

percentComponents(sieve = NA, size = NA, percent, metric)

Arguments

Value

A three-element list containing: pg = Percent gravel, ps = Percent sand, and pf = Percent fines

Note

For sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) Either sieve numbers OR grain sizes must be provided. This function assumes that the no. 4 and no. 200 sieves have been used.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sieve.example <- c(3/8, 4, 10, 20, 40, 140, 200)
percent.example <- c(95.72, 90.23, 81.49, 66.36, 50.00, 8.51, 4.82) 
percentComponents(sieve = sieve.example, percent = percent.example, metric =
TRUE)

Weight-Volume Parameters (Phase Diagrams and Index Parameters)

Description

Calculates a comprehensive list of index parameters from provided weights and volumes of a soil sample. 1 December 2015

Usage

phase.params(Ws, Ww, Vs, Vw, Va)

Arguments

Value

The output is a ten-element list containing: w = water content (as decimal), S = degree of saturation (as decimal), e = void ratio (as decimal), n = porosity (as decimal), Gs = specific gravity, gammaT = total unit weight, gammaD = dry unit weight, gammaS = unit weight of solids, gammaW = unit weight of water, and gammaB = buoyant unit weight

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

phase.params(Ws = 75.8, Ww = 15.6, Vs = 0.45, Vw = 0.25, Va = 0.1)

Phase Diagrams Plot (Phase Diagrams and Index Parameters)

Description

Plots phase diagrams from weights (or masses) and volumes of a soil sample. 1 December 2015

Usage

phase.plot(Ws, Ww, Vs, Vw, Va, W.unit, V.unit, mass = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

Plot of phase diagram

Note

If any parameters are zero, please enter "0"; do not leave them blank. Plot is currently not to scale; may be edited in the future to allow this functionality.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

phase.plot(Ws = 75.8, Ww = 15.6, Vs = 0.45, Vw = 0.25, Va = 0.1, W.unit =
"lb", V.unit = "ft^3", mass = FALSE)

Casagrande's Plasticity Chart

Description

Plots the Casagrande's plasticity chart. 1 December 2015

Usage

plasticity.plot(LL, PL = NA, PI = NA)

Arguments

Value

Plot of a soil's plasticity parameters on Casagrande's plasticity chart

Note

Either PL or PI must be specified

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

plasticity.plot(LL = 40, PL = 20)

Relative Density (Phase Diagrams and Index Parameters)

Description

Calculates the relative density. 1 December 2015

Usage

relDensity(e, emax, emin)

Arguments

Value

Relative density as a decimal

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

relDensity(e = 0.3, emax = 0.92, emin = 0.35)

Principal Stresses (Mohr Circle Analyses)

Description

Calculates the principal stresses. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigma13(sigmaX, sigmaZ, tauXZ)

Arguments

Value

A four-element list containing: sigma1 = magnitude of major principal stress, sigma3 = magnitude of minor principal stress, theta1 = direction of major principal stress (deg), and theta3 = direction of minor principal stress (deg)

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigma13(sigmaX = 80, sigmaZ = 120, tauXZ = 20)

Stress Transformation (Mohr Circle Analyses)

Description

Computes the stress transformation. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaTrans(
  theta,
  sigmaX = NA,
  sigmaZ = NA,
  tauXZ = NA,
  sigma1 = NA,
  sigma3 = NA
)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list containing: sigma = normal stress on an inclined plane and tau = shear stress on an inclined plane

Note

In addition to theta, One of the following two sets of data must be entered: 1. sigmaX, sigmaZ, tauXZ 2. sigma1, sigma3 If theta is entered in conjunction with sigmaX, sigmaZ, and tauXZ, it is interpreted as the angle of inclination above the horizontal. If theta is entered in conjunction with the principal stresses, then it is interpreted as the angle of inclination above the major principal plane.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigmaTrans(sigmaX = 80, sigmaZ = 120, tauXZ = 20, theta = 78)

Horizontal Stress at a Point (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Description

Calculates the horizontal stress at a point. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaX(
  gamma,
  thk = NA,
  depth = NA,
  zw,
  zout,
  K,
  gammaW = NA,
  metric,
  upper = TRUE
)

Arguments

Value

A three-element list containing: sigmaX.eff = effective horizontal stress, sigmaX.total = total horizontal stress, and u = pore water pressure

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigmaX(gamma = c(108, 116), depth = c(15, 40), zout = 18, K = c(0.34, 0.32),
zw = 15, metric = FALSE, upper = TRUE)

Horizontal Stress Plot (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Description

Draws the horizontal stress plot. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaX.plot(depth, sigmaX.eff, sigmaX.total = NA, u = NA, metric)

Arguments

Value

Plot of horizontal stress profile versus depth

Note

If sigmaX.total and u are left blank, the plot is only constructed for effective stress Once constructed, additional profiles may be added to this plot (for example, for induced stress or maximum past pressure)

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

# Site with constant unit weight = 100 pcf, GWT at 10 ft depth
temp <- sigmaX.profile(gamma = rep(100, 3), depth = c(10, 20, 30), K =
c(0.35, 0.30, 0.28), zw = 10, metric = FALSE)                    
depth <- temp$depth
sigmaTotal <- temp$sigmaX.total
u <- temp$u
sigmaEff <- temp$sigmaX.eff
sigmaX.plot(depth = depth, sigmaX.eff = sigmaEff, metric = FALSE,
sigmaX.total = sigmaTotal, u = u)

Horizontal Stress Profile (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Description

Calculates the horizontal stress profile. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaX.profile(
  gamma,
  thk = NA,
  depth = NA,
  K,
  zw,
  zout = NA,
  gammaW = NA,
  metric
)

Arguments

Value

A four-element list containing four vectors: depth = depth, sigmaZ.eff = effective vertical stress, sigmaZ.total = total vertical stress, and u = pore water pressure

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigmaX.profile(gamma = c(108, 116), depth = c(15, 40), K = c(0.34, 0.32),
zw = 15, metric = FALSE)

Vertical Stress at a Point

Description

Computes the vertical stress at a point. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaZ(gamma, thk = NA, depth = NA, zw, zout, gammaW = NA, metric)

Arguments

Value

A three-element list containing: sigmaZ.eff = effective vertical stress, sigmaZ.total = total vertical stress, and u = pore water pressure

Note

Either layer thicknesses or depths to layer bottoms must be specified.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigmaZ(gamma = c(108, 116), depth = c(15, 40), zout = 18, zw = 15, metric =
FALSE)

Vertical Stress Plot

Description

Draws the vertical stress plot. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaZ.plot(depth, sigmaZ.eff, sigmaZ.total = NA, u = NA, metric)

Arguments

Value

Plot of vertical stress versus depth

Note

If sigmaZ.total and u are left blank, the plot is only constructed for effective stress Once constructed, additional profiles may be added to this plot (for example, for induced stress or maximum past pressure)

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

# Site with constant unit weight = 100 pcf, GWT at 10 ft depth
temp <- sigmaZ.profile(gamma = rep(100, 3), depth = c(10, 20, 30), zw = 10,
metric = FALSE)
depth <- temp$depth
sigmaTotal <- temp$sigmaZ.total
u <- temp$u
sigmaEff <- temp$sigmaZ.eff
sigmaZ.plot(depth = depth, sigmaZ.eff = sigmaEff,
metric = FALSE, sigmaZ.total = sigmaTotal, u = u)

Vertical Stress Profile

Description

Computes the vertical stress profile. 1 October 2015

Usage

sigmaZ.profile(gamma, thk = NA, depth = NA, zw, zout = NA, gammaW = NA, metric)

Arguments

Value

A four-element list containing four vectors: depth = depth, sigmaZ.eff = effective vertical stress, sigmaZ.total = total vertical stress, and u = pore water pressure

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

sigmaZ.profile(gamma = c(108, 116), depth = c(15, 40), zw = 15, metric =
FALSE)

Grain Sizes Of Sieves

Description

Calculate a set of grain sizes corresponding to a set of sieves. 1 December 2015

Usage

size.from.sieve(sieve, metric)

Arguments

Value

Vector of grain sizes (in or mm)

Note

For sieves larger than the no. 4 sieve, the user should specify the sieve size in inches (e.g., 3/8, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, etc.) Either sieve numbers OR grain sizes must be provided.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Soil Profile Plot for Site Exploration

Description

Plots the soil profile for use in site exploration. 1 January 2016

Usage

soil.profile(
  thk = NA,
  depth = NA,
  zw,
  type = NA,
  gamma = NA,
  phi = NA,
  C = NA,
  title = "Soil Profile",
  metric
)

Arguments

Value

A plot of a soil profile

Note

Either layer thicknesses or depth to layer bottoms must be specified. The only necessary variables are thk (or depth), zw, and metric. All other variables are optional.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

soil.profile(depth = c(20, 40, 52, 60), zw = 20,
             type = c("Dry Sand", "Saturated Sand", "Soft Clay",
               "Dense Gravel"),
             gamma = c(110, 115, 120, 150), phi = c(30, 30, NA, 38),
             C = c(NA, NA, 300, NA), metric = FALSE)

Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress (Mohr Circle Analyses)

Description

Calculates the maximum in-plane shear stress. 1 October 2015

Usage

tauMax(sigmaX, sigmaZ, tauXZ)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list containing: tauMax = maximum in-plane shear stress and theta = angle of maximum in-plane shear stress

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

tauMax(sigmaX = 80, sigmaZ = 120, tauXZ = 20)

Water Content (Phase Diagrams and Index Parameters)

Description

Calculates water content from lab results (i.e., measured weights or masses) . 1 December 2015

Usage

waterContent(M1, M2, Mc)

Arguments

Value

Water content as a decimal

Note

Either mass or weight can be used, since the units cancel.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

waterContent(M1 = 20.68, M2 = 18.14, Mc = 8.20)

Well Drawdown (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the well drawdown. 1 January 2016

Usage

wellDrawdown(Q, k, H = NA, h0, r0, rw, r)

Arguments

Value

A two-element list containing: h = height of groundwater surface a distance r from the well and dd = h0 - h = drawdown of groundwater surface a distance r from the well

Note

Datum for total heads are the bottom of the aquifer. For unconfined aquifers, H = NA. For confined aquifers, H >= hf. For mixed aquifers (which start as confined prior to pumping and finish as unconfined after pumping is complete), H < hf.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

wellDrawdown(Q = 14.5, k = 0.065, H = 10, h0 = 21, r0 = 20, r = 2, rw = 2)

Flow Rate to Wells (Groundwater)

Description

Computes the flow rate to wells. 1 January 2016

Usage

wellFlow(k, H = NA, h0, hf, r0, rw)

Arguments

Value

Q = flow rate to well

Note

Datum for h0 and hf is the bottom of the aquifer. For unconfined aquifers, H > h0 (or specify as NA) For confined aquifers, H >= hf. For mixed aquifers (which start as confined prior to pumping and finish as unconfined after pumping is complete), H < hf.

Author(s)

Kyle Elmy and Jim Kaklamanos

Examples

wellFlow(k = 0.065, H = 10, h0 = 21, hf = 15, r0 = 20, rw = 2)