Type:	Package
Title:	Hatemi-J Cointegration Test with Two Unknown Regime Shifts
Version:	1.0.1
Description:	Implements the Hatemi-J (2008) cointegration test which allows for two unknown structural breaks (regime shifts) in the cointegrating relationship. The test provides three test statistics: ADF* (Augmented Dickey-Fuller), Zt* (Phillips-Perron Z_t), and Za* (Phillips-Perron Z_alpha), along with endogenously determined break dates. Critical values are based on simulations from Hatemi-J (2008) <doi:10.1007/s00181-007-0175-9>.
License:	GPL-3
URL:	https://github.com/muhammedalkhalaf/hatemicoint
BugReports:	https://github.com/muhammedalkhalaf/hatemicoint/issues
Encoding:	UTF-8
Depends:	R (≥ 3.5.0)
Imports:	stats
Suggests:	testthat (≥ 3.0.0), knitr, rmarkdown
RoxygenNote:	7.3.3
Config/testthat/edition:	3
NeedsCompilation:	no
Packaged:	2026-03-09 17:14:09 UTC; acad_
Author:	Muhammad Alkhalaf [aut, cre, cph]
Maintainer:	Muhammad Alkhalaf <muhammedalkhalaf@gmail.com>
Repository:	CRAN
Date/Publication:	2026-03-13 13:30:08 UTC

hatemicoint: Hatemi-J Cointegration Test with Two Unknown Regime Shifts

Description

Implements the Hatemi-J (2008) cointegration test which allows for two unknown structural breaks (regime shifts) in the cointegrating relationship. The test provides three test statistics: ADF* (Augmented Dickey-Fuller), Zt* (Phillips-Perron Z_t), and Za* (Phillips-Perron Z_alpha), along with endogenously determined break dates.

Details

The main function in this package is hatemicoint, which performs the cointegration test with two structural breaks.

The test is particularly useful when:

• Standard cointegration tests fail to reject the null of no cointegration

• There is reason to believe the relationship has changed over time

• Two structural breaks are suspected in the data

Test Statistics

ADF*

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test on residuals with optimal lag selection

Zt*

Phillips-Perron Z_t test with kernel-based long-run variance

Za*

Phillips-Perron Z_alpha test with kernel-based long-run variance

Critical Values

Critical values depend on the number of regressors (k = 1, 2, 3, or 4) and are taken from Table 1 of Hatemi-J (2008). The null hypothesis of no cointegration is rejected when the test statistic is smaller (more negative) than the critical value.

Author(s)

Maintainer:

References

Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration. Empirical Economics, 35, 497-505. doi:10.1007/s00181-007-0175-9

Gregory, A.W., & Hansen, B.E. (1996). Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99-126. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(69)41685-7

Hatemi-J Cointegration Test with Two Unknown Regime Shifts

Description

Performs the Hatemi-J (2008) cointegration test which allows for two unknown structural breaks (regime shifts) in the cointegrating relationship. The test searches over all possible break date combinations and returns the minimum test statistics along with the endogenously determined break dates.

Usage

hatemicoint(
  y,
  x,
  maxlags = 8,
  lag_selection = c("tstat", "aic", "sic"),
  kernel = c("iid", "bartlett", "qs"),
  bwl = NULL,
  trimming = 0.15
)

Arguments

Details

The Hatemi-J (2008) test extends the Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test by allowing for two structural breaks instead of one. The test is based on the residuals from the cointegrating regression with regime shift dummies:

y_t = \alpha_0 + \alpha_1 D_{1t} + \alpha_2 D_{2t} + \beta_0' x_t + \beta_1' D_{1t} x_t + \beta_2' D_{2t} x_t + u_t

where D_{1t} and D_{2t} are dummy variables for the two regime shifts.

Three test statistics are computed:

• ADF*: Modified Augmented Dickey-Fuller test on residuals

• Zt*: Phillips-Perron Z_t test on residuals

• Za*: Phillips-Perron Z_alpha test on residuals

The null hypothesis is no cointegration. Rejection occurs when the test statistic is smaller (more negative) than the critical value.

Value

An object of class "hatemicoint" containing:

adf_min

Minimum ADF* test statistic

tb1_adf

First break location (observation number) for ADF*

tb2_adf

Second break location (observation number) for ADF*

zt_min

Minimum Zt* test statistic

tb1_zt

First break location for Zt*

tb2_zt

Second break location for Zt*

za_min

Minimum Za* test statistic

tb1_za

First break location for Za*

tb2_za

Second break location for Za*

cv_adfzt

Critical values for ADF* and Zt* tests (1%, 5%, 10%)

cv_za

Critical values for Za* test (1%, 5%, 10%)

nobs

Number of observations

k

Number of regressors

maxlags

Maximum lags used

lag_selection

Lag selection method used

kernel

Kernel used

bwl

Bandwidth used

trimming

Trimming parameter

References

Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration. Empirical Economics, 35, 497-505. doi:10.1007/s00181-007-0175-9

Gregory, A.W., & Hansen, B.E. (1996). Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99-126. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(69)41685-7

Examples

# Generate example data with structural breaks
set.seed(123)
n <- 200
x <- cumsum(rnorm(n))

# Create cointegrated series with two breaks
y <- numeric(n)
y[1:70] <- 1 + 0.8 * x[1:70] + rnorm(70, sd = 0.5)
y[71:140] <- 3 + 1.2 * x[71:140] + rnorm(70, sd = 0.5)
y[141:200] <- 2 + 0.6 * x[141:200] + rnorm(60, sd = 0.5)

# Run the test
result <- hatemicoint(y, x)
print(result)
summary(result)

Print Method for hatemicoint Objects

Description

Print Method for hatemicoint Objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'hatemicoint'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns the input object.

Summary Method for hatemicoint Objects

Description

Summary Method for hatemicoint Objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'hatemicoint'
summary(object, ...)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns a summary list with inference at various significance levels.