//******************************************************************************
//
// File:    BackendFileOutputStream.java
// Package: edu.rit.pj.cluster
// Unit:    Class edu.rit.pj.cluster.BackendFileOutputStream
//
// This Java source file is copyright (C) 2006 by Alan Kaminsky. All rights
// reserved. For further information, contact the author, Alan Kaminsky, at
// ark@cs.rit.edu.
//
// This Java source file is part of the Parallel Java Library ("PJ"). PJ is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
// General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// PJ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is making a
// combined work based on this library. Thus, the terms and conditions of the
// GNU General Public License cover the whole combination.
//
// As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
// permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
// executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent modules, and
// to copy and distribute the resulting executable under terms of your choice,
// provided that you also meet, for each linked independent module, the terms
// and conditions of the license of that module. An independent module is a
// module which is not derived from or based on this library. If you modify this
// library, you may extend this exception to your version of the library, but
// you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this
// exception statement from your version.
//
// A copy of the GNU General Public License is provided in the file gpl.txt. You
// may also obtain a copy of the GNU General Public License on the World Wide
// Web at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html.
//
//******************************************************************************

package edu.rit.pj.cluster;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

/**
 * Class BackendFileOutputStream provides an object in a job backend process
 * that writes a sequential file in the job frontend process. A backend file
 * output stream is not constructed directly, rather it is created by a factory
 * method in class {@linkplain BackendFileWriter}.
 * <P>
 * <I>Note:</I> Class BackendFileOutputStream does not do any buffering. Each
 * method call sends a message to and receives a message from the job frontend.
 * Consider layering a BufferedOutputStream on top of the
 * BackendFileOutputStream.
 *
 * @author  Alan Kaminsky
 * @version 05-Nov-2006
 */
public class BackendFileOutputStream
	extends OutputStream
	{

// Hidden data members.

	private JobFrontendRef myJobFrontend;
	private JobBackendRef myJobBackend;

	// Queue of results from job frontend.
	private LinkedBlockingQueue<Result> myResultQueue =
		new LinkedBlockingQueue<Result>();

	private static class Result
		{
		public int ffd;
		public IOException exc;
		public Result
			(int ffd,
			 IOException exc)
			{
			this.ffd = ffd;
			this.exc = exc;
			}
		}

	// Frontend file descriptor.
	private int ffd;

// Hidden constructors.

	/**
	 * Construct a new backend file output stream. Call the <TT>open()</TT>
	 * method to open the file and obtain the frontend file descriptor.
	 *
	 * @param  theJobFrontend  Job Frontend.
	 * @param  theJobBackend   Job Backend.
	 */
	BackendFileOutputStream
		(JobFrontendRef theJobFrontend,
		 JobBackendRef theJobBackend)
		{
		this.myJobFrontend = theJobFrontend;
		this.myJobBackend = theJobBackend;
		}

	/**
	 * Construct a new backend file output stream. Use the given frontend file
	 * descriptor.
	 *
	 * @param  theJobFrontend  Job Frontend.
	 * @param  theJobBackend   Job Backend.
	 * @param  ffd             Frontend file descriptor.
	 */
	BackendFileOutputStream
		(JobFrontendRef theJobFrontend,
		 JobBackendRef theJobBackend,
		 int ffd)
		{
		this.myJobFrontend = theJobFrontend;
		this.myJobBackend = theJobBackend;
		this.ffd = ffd;
		}

// Exported operations.

	/**
	 * Write the given byte to this output stream. Only the least significant
	 * eight bits are written.
	 *
	 * @param  b  Byte.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	public void write
		(int b)
		throws IOException
		{
		write (new byte[] {(byte) b});
		}

	/**
	 * Write the given byte array to this output stream.
	 *
	 * @param  buf  Byte array.
	 *
	 * @exception  NullPointerException
	 *     (unchecked exception) Thrown if <TT>buf</TT> is null.
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	public void write
		(byte[] buf)
		throws IOException
		{
		write (buf, 0, buf.length);
		}

	/**
	 * Write a portion of the given byte array to this output stream.
	 *
	 * @param  buf  Byte array.
	 * @param  off  Index of first byte to write.
	 * @param  len  Number of bytes to write.
	 *
	 * @exception  NullPointerException
	 *     (unchecked exception) Thrown if <TT>buf</TT> is null.
	 * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException
	 *     (unchecked exception) Thrown if <TT>off</TT> &lt; 0, <TT>len</TT>
	 *     &lt; 0, or <TT>off+len</TT> &gt; <TT>buf.length</TT>.
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	public void write
		(byte[] buf,
		 int off,
		 int len)
		throws IOException
		{
		if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off+len > buf.length)
			{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
			}
		verifyOpen();
		myJobFrontend.outputFileWrite (myJobBackend, ffd, buf, off, len);
		getResult();
		}

	/**
	 * Flush this output stream.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	public void flush()
		throws IOException
		{
		verifyOpen();
		myJobFrontend.outputFileFlush (myJobBackend, ffd);
		getResult();
		}

	/**
	 * Close this output stream.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	public void close()
		throws IOException
		{
		verifyOpen();
		try
			{
			myJobFrontend.outputFileClose (myJobBackend, ffd);
			getResult();
			}
		finally
			{
			ffd = 0;
			}
		}

// Hidden operations.

	/**
	 * Request the Job Frontend to open the file.
	 *
	 * @param  bfd     Backend file descriptor.
	 * @param  file    File.
	 * @param  append  True to append, false to overwrite.
	 *
	 * @return  Frontend file descriptor.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	int open
		(int bfd,
		 File file,
		 boolean append)
		throws IOException
		{
		myJobFrontend.outputFileOpen (myJobBackend, bfd, file, append);
		this.ffd = getResult().ffd;
		return this.ffd;
		}

	/**
	 * Get the next result from the result queue. Throw an IOException if
	 * necessary.
	 *
	 * @return  Result object.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if an I/O error occurred.
	 */
	private Result getResult()
		throws IOException
		{
		try
			{
			Result result = myResultQueue.take();
			if (result.exc != null) throw result.exc;
			return result;
			}
		catch (InterruptedException exc)
			{
			IOException exc2 = new InterruptedIOException ("I/O interrupted");
			exc2.initCause (exc);
			throw exc2;
			}
		}

	/**
	 * Put the given result into the result queue.
	 *
	 * @param  ffd  Frontend file descriptor.
	 * @param  exc  Null if success, exception if failure.
	 */
	void putResult
		(int ffd,
		 IOException exc)
		{
		myResultQueue.offer (new Result (ffd, exc));
		}

	/**
	 * Verify that this file is open.
	 *
	 * @exception  IOException
	 *     Thrown if this file is not open.
	 */
	private void verifyOpen()
		throws IOException
		{
		if (ffd == 0) throw new IOException ("File closed");
		}

	}
